Antibiotics in Fish Farms Cause Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria - Norwegian Fish Farms - Updated Dec 8, 2017

Here is a longggg list of research papers regarding the use of antibiotics in fish farming and causing antibiotic resistant bacteria. This is  a serious issue because some pretty common antibiotics are used, for example, oxytetracycline. And when bacteria are resistant, and it gets through to human bacteria picking up the AR gene, there is no longer any chemical that can kill the bacteria when we humans get the disease.

Every year 700,000 humans die of antibiotic resistant bacteria. See item: 21.

Go look at this long list and frighten yourself about this central, but seldom discussed, issue in fish farms.

Fish farms need to be on-land where they have little need of antibiotics, and for governments to forbid the use of antibiotics used by humans, to be used in farming, fish or other animals.

Bill Bryden did the work of putting together this list. He is on Canada's Atlantic coast - farther from BC than NL is from Oslo, Norway - where the general public is just as much against in-ocean fish farms destroying the ocean as we are in BC. The people of Norway, where Dagbladet newspaper often lists, in great detail, the environmental damage, and human culpability for this damage, by Norwegian fish farms companies - Marine Harvest, Cermaq and Grieg Seafood - become, even though the Norwegian public may not realize it, culpable.

Note that a victory over this offshore company that takes all its profits back to Norway to be distributed around the world to shareholders, just like the other two neo-liberalism spawned Norwegian companies, has occurred by the NL government. It has required an environmental assessment for Grieg's proposed Placentia Bay 11 farm mega project - 33,000 mt. See court comment on the EIS. The judge ordered the EIS: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/judge-orders-further-environmental-assessment-of-proposed-placentia-bay-fish-farm-1.4214517.

I doubt that Norwegians realize just how bad a name they are getting around the world with their companies' gross attack on our oceans, causing the same kind of problem below water that emissions have caused to the air above the water. If you want to see a dire prediction for all of us from fish farms/aquaculture/human sewage, just read this one about the Bengal Bay in India. We are at a tipping point, and Norwegian fish farms are doing their part to bring it to you, wherever you live around the globe. The link is in this post: http://fishfarmnews.blogspot.ca/2017/02/the-future-of-aquaculture-on-land-fish.html. And in this post: http://fishfarmnews.blogspot.ca/2017/02/killing-our-oceans-with-fish.html.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria science:

1. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria, in Chile, 2002: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AEUcIFeN2cZntD0&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112520&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

2. Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in fish farms in Ireland:  https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AAFb%5F24wO8z6fUQ&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112521&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

3. Antibiotics and ARB in Canada:  https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AIBTJhVw%5F%2DBQWWk&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112522&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

4. ARB in Chile: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AEK2EB1f3XD3sxI&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112523&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

5. ARB in Chile, and finding resistance genes in e-coli in humans:  https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AKx8Xkl%2D6EqWb4Y&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112524&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

5.  Use and abuse of antibiotics in salmon fish farming: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ADSDx9%2DSvwBSuxw&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112525&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

6. Antibiotics in aquaculture: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ALy8bCLv34Slg6o&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112526&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

7. Antibiotics in wild fish around fish farms: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AIFfsBW0nK4jsAo&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112527&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

8. Drug resistance in salmonella: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AJx%2DSaIFJZMJ4Q4&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112528&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

9. ARB and antibiotics use in Canada:  https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ACXq9X8nV52yUD4&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112529&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

10. Salmon bacteria: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21APo%2Df3n9bLfpvU0&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112530&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

11. More ARB in aquaculture: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AOfB5sszvEr5eTI&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112531&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

12. AR phenotypes, hatcheries in Atlantic Canada: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AM%5Fh0jznor%2Dp%5FPA&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112532&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

13. Atlantic Canada Isolates: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ALSN8%2DDZrtHBAtQ&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112533&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

14. ARB and bacterial kidney disease hn chinook salmon: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ADuzCqNoNNeW1XU&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112534&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

15. Review on tetracycline ARB: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AKgogx5H5Z%2DlVhM&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112535&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

16. Diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in bacteria, Chile: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ADJyB9tvNHy0aQE&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112536&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

17. Antibiotics found in Chilean salmon fillets: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AFTkbWVMWsJKVFM&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112537&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

18. Comprehensive AR in Piscirickettsia: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AKIshLTPdoQPChk&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112538&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

19. Gene sequence in an ARB Piscir.: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AE3zdW1W2jX4Hrw&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112539&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

20. More tetracycline resistance: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AAqiHkilCD58eaA&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112540&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

21. AR deaths in humans, 700,000: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21APOoVTeoEbsZFUg&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112541&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

22. Aquaculture as a gateway to ARB: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AFxtxs9ikEPildY&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112542&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

23. ARB and distance from fish farm: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21APpChfspHAou%2DKw&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112543&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

24. CLSI resistance methods: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AIg1iF%5FJ2T%5F3bBA&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112544&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

25. Difficulty in tracking AR in CAnada: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21APy6T96BPROolM4&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112545&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

26. Norwegian research:  https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AGoBDziYMVB9u90&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112546&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

27. ARB in e-coli:  https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ADXUpQUd9%5FOtm3Y&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112547&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

28. ARB in salmon in freshwater: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AFLGXKDIpYiUnrY&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112548&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

29. ARB in salmon aquaculture in saltwater: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ACCp%5FxW2OFEJFcw&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112549&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

30. A review article: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ALXlqkd3jSdyTXk&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112550&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

31. E-coli in raw fish bought in Switzerland: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AFAWWw%2DtuU%5FUBGg&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112551&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

32. AR in marine fish farms: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21APx7XZMaky4rWfk&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112552&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

33. Moral responsibility of person using antibiotics for deaths of humans: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ACp86OO9cQ0Tf%5Fs&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112553&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

34. More AR in Chile: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ALCS7WOi6BmAiJ0&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112554&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

35. AR profiling in Chile: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AJLJ7NEWe7fzbeY&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112555&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

36. AR in countries around th world: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AOPgs4TzoHXfkug&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112556&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

37. More AR in marine aqua: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AAkG7zJgc%2DolOeg&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112557&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

38. Ignoring AR committee recommendations: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AMFN5jdAD86bZ7o&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112558&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

39. Stress causes susceptibility in fish to disease and then A are used: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AGRs%2DDZzADYBCqQ&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112559&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

40. Antibiotic use: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AK45aR%2DR0nPHshI&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112560&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp. 259 g /mt up from 4 g, For SRS and mouth rot.

41. Record levels of antibiotics use in Chile, 2016: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ACIG4JsBbzeJDoQ&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112562&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

42. Court says public should know about Chile's antibiotics use in fish farms: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ALYr7Xtgy8oiddc&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112563&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

43. Antibiotics in on-land manure: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AOMAWmndvT0pmBw&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112564&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

44. 1000s of kg of medicated feed dumped in NL fish farms: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AMGoagxfhB%2DGzy4&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112565&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

45. Antibiotics used in BC in 2014, image of 1877 km: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AL7CzJZKQidJlYc&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112566&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

46.  AR genes in fish plant workers, e-coli, Chile: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AIs3qr8W%2Db30EJU&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112567&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

47. ARB in Australia fish farms: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ACa9A7AG8KXrHlo&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112568&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

48. ARB up to 8 km from fish farms, Chile: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AM0M7ll2838RU5s&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112569&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

49.  Antibiotics approved for use in Canada, graph, includes oxytetracycline: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AJWBcvQUHaIyzwA&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112571&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

50. Human health issues from antibiotics use in animals:  https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ANPVE%5F0GqH6VcY8&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112572&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

51. 113 antibiotics likely to be banned from use in animals, WHO: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AD8%2D68D4On4R%2DUw&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112573&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp,

52. More human health issues from antibiotics use in animals: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ABykAQTnepEXWl0&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112574&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

53. Message from public health officer of Canada: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AOAGcKOjApI9jYU&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112575&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

54. AR from aquaculture: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AGo9708hVHYG3q4&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112576&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

55. WHO list of antibiotics used in animals that should not be because humans need them: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AICuLoxhAjA%2DGAA&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112577&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

56. More comment on AR, from WHO: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AGy%2DuGy5GZzIBd0&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112578&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

57. Letter to journal about AR: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ANB3WgSaOS9xfyo&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112579&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

58. More on AR in Chile: https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21ANB3WgSaOS9xfyo&cid=BD6C045CA68C823E&id=BD6C045CA68C823E%2112579&parId=BD6C045CA68C823E%2110761&o=OneUp.

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Here is new text from the BAD NEWS BITES post:
488. Farming Antibiotic Use Major Threat to Humans - UN: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2017/12/05/un-resistance-to-antibiotics-a-growing-health-threat/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=ac47a812a6-Salmon_roundup_Dec_08_2017&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-ac47a812a6-92426209. See: Aquaculture is a concern in this regard, the agency wrote. Most antibiotic drugs are excreted un-metabolized along with resistant bacteria.

"This is a growing problem, since human antibiotic use increased 36 per cent this century, and antibiotic use in livestock is predicted to increase 67 per cent by 2030. Additionally, up to 75 per cent of antibiotics used in aquaculture may be lost into the surrounding environment," the report notes.