Monday 2 May 2022

Bad News Bites - 17th Post


I receive 30 global press fish farm/seafood industry newsletters every week. In these, I have found a startling amount of bad news, and decided to do a post on it. I had no idea there was as much bad news as there is. This is my 17th post. And the last post ended at 7,000 problems, as I put 500 in each post before starting a new one.


Some days I am stunned by the amount of bad news in the fish farm/seafood industry.  Find the fifth BAD NEWS BITES post here: http://fishfarmnews.blogspot.ca/2017/05/bad-news-bites-fifth-post.html. And that reaches 2,000.

Here is a summary of the bad news stories:

"In one mouthful, here are the kind of stories I am finding: boom bust industry, billions made and lost, crisis in lice and disease, bankruptcy, workers fired, executives jumping company to company, dividing big bonuses, fraud, corruption, litigation, conflict of interest with government and scientists, using the ocean as a free open sewer – $10.4 Billion in BC alone, killing of whales, seals and sea lions – more than 12,000 in BC so far, slavery, unpaid labour, taxpayers paying millions for diseased, dead fish – $177 Million in Canada, dueling scientists, weakening of laws, unsustainable feed, illegal fishing, jail sentences, disasters in Norway, Scotland, Chile, Canada, bullying of scientists, governments and anyone critical of their business, cartels, collusion, price fixing, fishing down the food chain to Antarctic krill, carcinogens and persistent organic pollutants, fluoroquinolones, chicken feathers in feed, animal feces in feed, eutrophication in a time of global warming, Malachite Green fungicide in Chilean seafood, fake industry awards, all the wild salmon in the Pacific ocean, more than a billion, put in peril... it goes on."


Updates:

Dec 11, 2017
: I found 500 BAD NEWS BITES in less than 3.5 months. That means well over 1000 in a year. That is how much bad news there is in fish farms/seafood industry. This post, the sixth, may be found here: http://fishfarmnews.blogspot.ca/2017/08/bad-news-bites-salmonseafood-industry.html.

Dec 9, 2020, my 15th post, moved to 6,500 problems:

And, now that I have reached 500 more BAD NEWS BITES, and reached the huge total of 7,000 bad news bites with the fish farm/seafood industry, it is time to start a new post, and move on to 7,500 problems:


136.

135. Mowi Can't Keep Medicine Stats Private - Chile: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/setback-for-mowi-chile-bid-to-keep-lice-medicines-statistics-private/?utm_source=netflex&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__09_08_2022.

134. Dead Fish Removed from Wellboat - 24,000, Chile: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/dead-fish-removed-from-stricken-wellboat/?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__12_07_2022&utm_source=netflex.

133. Cartel - SVN buys Visir for #226M: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/07/11/icelands-svn-buys-fellow-fishing-firm-visir-for-226m/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=996b0657af-Salmon_roundup_Jul_15_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-996b0657af-92426209.

132. Disease - 800,000 fish cull, NRS, Norway: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/salmon-farmer-culls-800000-fish-because-of-disease-outbreak/?utm_source=netflex&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__14_07_2022.

131. 180MT Salmon Lost - Australis Seafoods, sinking wellboat: https://www.intrafish.com/aquaculture/australis-seafoods-confirms-loss-of-180-metric-tons-of-salmon-in-wellboat-sinking/2-1-1256340?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-07-13&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

130. Nova Astral Loses Three Licences - Chile: https://www.intrafish.com/aquaculture/chile-salmon-industry-blasts-nova-austral-after-hefty-fine-environmental-sanctions/2-1-1255835?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-07-13&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

129. Bumble Bee Loses Three More Execs - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/07/07/bumble-bee-loses-three-more-high-level-execs-as-fcf-leadership-transition-continues/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=6a29625efa-Europe_briefing_Jul_08_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-6a29625efa-92426209.

128. Feed Price too Low - Skretting: https://www.intrafish.com/prices/there-are-no-winners-in-this-game-now-skretting-executive-says-significant-cost-shock-is-ripping-through-aquaculture-feed-sector/2-1-1253849?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-07-08&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

127. Ukraine to Lose $136M Seafood if War Goes On - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/07/05/ukraine-to-lose-136m-in-seafood-exports-production-in-2022-if-conflict-goes-on/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=32bdbf7b94-Salmon_roundup_Jul_08_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-32bdbf7b94-92426209.

126. Distributor Files for Bankruptcy - : https://www.intrafish.com/finance/us-tilapia-and-shrimp-distributor-tropical-aquaculture-products-files-for-bankruptcy/2-1-1249576?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-07-06&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=salmon.

125. Norwegian Salmon Fraud - : https://www.intrafish.com/markets/totally-crushed-ukrainian-importer-caught-in-norwegian-salmon-export-fraud/2-1-1252018?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-07-06&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=salmon.

124. New Licences, Huge effect on Wild Salmon - chief says, BC: https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/hereditary-chief-in-b-c-says-renewal-of-fish-farms-will-take-a-huge-toll-on-wild-salmon/?fbclid=IwAR3uwRtJA3oYJQw5PeVP4MjN8QKYmWjPmH1NCrZuwPE-CMO68swbJIVN0zA&mc_cid=86fd1e3029&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

123. Salmon Farm Disaster Changed Fish Farming Foreverr - WA, US: https://www.hcn.org/issues/54.7/fish-how-a-salmon-farm-disaster-changed-northwest-aquaculture-forever?mc_cid=86fd1e3029&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

122. DFO's Pathogen Science 'a Joke' - Stan P, Alex Morton: https://www.timescolonist.com/local-news/dfos-pathogen-containment-measures-a-joke-say-salmon-scientists-5537686?mc_cid=86fd1e3029&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

121. Three Licenses Revoked - for over production, Noval Austra, Chile, $1M fine: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/07/06/chile-revokes-three-nova-austral-salmon-farm-licenses-for-overproducing-levies-fine-of-nearly-1m/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=3429e3a811-Americas_briefing_Jul_07_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-3429e3a811-92426209.

120. Three More Execs Lost - Bumble Bee: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/07/07/bumble-bee-loses-three-more-high-level-execs-as-fcf-leadership-transition-continues/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=3429e3a811-Americas_briefing_Jul_07_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-3429e3a811-92426209.

119. Fines for Water Extraction - Mowi, Norway: https://www.intrafish.com/aquaculture/salmon-farmer-mowi-fined-in-norway-for-illegal-water-extraction/2-1-1248191?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-07-04&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

118. Aquaculture Should be Carbon Neutral - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/07/04/aquaculture-should-become-carbon-neutral-says-offshore-farming-chief/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=e92e765a64-Americas_briefing_Jul_04_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-e92e765a64-92426209.

117. Fish Farm Licenses Extended Two Years - BC: https://thenarwhal.ca/salmon-farm-licences-extended/?mc_cid=aad1581983&mc_eid=2d9d06674b.

116. Criticism of DFO Transition Plan - Murray: https://www.straight.com/news/fisheries-minister-doesnt-rule-out-possibility-of-culling-farmed-salmon-if-sea-lice-management?mc_cid=aad1581983&mc_eid=2d9d06674b.

115. Globally Overfished Fish Hit 35% - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/30/fao-portion-of-overfished-waters-globally-has-passed-35/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=2da19c5a0d-Europe_briefing_Jun_30_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-2da19c5a0d-92426209.

114. Undercooked Shrimp Withdrawn - Sainsbury, Waitrose, UK: https://undercurrentnews.us5.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0835cc9ef5eca8d6b8c547f12&id=36fc8f9385&e=e129385461.

113. Tassal Rejects $720M Bid - for company, Cooke: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/28/tassal-rebuffs-cookes-720m-bid-to-acquire-all-of-tassal/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=2fe1044225-M_A_roundup_Jun_28_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-2fe1044225-92426209.

112. Study Links Pathogen to Fish Farms - BC: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/20/disputed-study-links-harmful-pathogen-to-bc-salmon-farms/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=4faf3474ab-Salmon_roundup_Jun_24_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-4faf3474ab-92426209.

111. Global Salmon Could Exceed 4MT - by 2030: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/22/global-atlantic-salmon-production-could-pass-4m-metric-tons-by-2030-says-norway/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=4faf3474ab-Salmon_roundup_Jun_24_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-4faf3474ab-92426209.

110. Workeers Sue OBI Seafoods - AK: https://www.intrafish.com/legal/workers-sue-obi-seafoods-over-outrageous-acts-of-discrimination-and-harassment/2-1-1245622?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-27&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

109. Shareholder Offloads $400M in Shares - Mowi: https://www.intrafish.com/finance/mowi-shareholder-offloads-400-million-stake-in-the-salmon-farmer/2-1-1243048?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-27&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

108. 20% Cod, Haddock Tac Cuts - Norway, 2023: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/24/norway-braces-for-up-to-20-cod-haddock-tac-cuts-in-2023/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=377d3b76d0-Americas_briefing_Jun_24_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-377d3b76d0-92426209.

107. 20-30-% of Chinese Plants will go Under - white fish, in next five years: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/24/chang-another-20-30-of-china-whitefish-plants-will-go-under-in-next-five-years/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=377d3b76d0-Americas_briefing_Jun_24_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-377d3b76d0-92426209.

106. Offloading $400M Shares - in Mowi: https://www.intrafish.com/finance/mowi-shareholder-offloads-400-million-stake-in-the-salmon-farmer/2-1-1243048?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-22&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

105. 76% Over Production - Australis: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/australis-accused-of-76-overproduction-at-site-in-protected-area/?utm_source=netflex&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__21_06_2022.

104. Salmon Infecting Bacterium Disputed by Fish Farms - sure, BC: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/20/disputed-study-links-harmful-pathogen-to-bc-salmon-farms/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=153a72369d-Americas_briefing_Jun_20_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-153a72369d-92426209.

103. Despite $85M Settlement - Norway still exposed to more prive-fixing caces: https://www.intrafish.com/legal/the-market-is-concerned-despite-recent-85-million-settlement-norwegian-salmon-farmers-still-exposed-in-price-fixing-cases/2-1-1234063?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-20&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

102. Solvent Killed Hundreds of Fish - BC: https://globalnews.ca/news/8916917/coquitlam-fish-kill/?mc_cid=48fe7229e2&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

101. Lice 5 Times Above Saltwater Limit - Clayoquot: https://thenarwhal.ca/cermaq-bc-sea-lice-docs/?mc_cid=48fe7229e2&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

100. Two Sailers Die from Ammonia Leak - on tuna vessel: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/17/ammonia-leak-kills-two-spanish-sailors-on-tuna-vessel-in-seychelles/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=0a480f37d6-Americas_briefing_Jun_17_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-0a480f37d6-92426209.

99. Mowi Licences in Question - BC, minister to drop in-ocean: https://www.intrafish.com/finance/mowi-canadas-future-at-stake-with-salmon-licenses-on-the-line/2-1-1238052?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-17&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

98. Grieg Tonnage Goes Up - 90,000T this year: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/16/bullish-on-canadas-potential-grieg-expects-90000t-fish-this-year-120k-in-2026/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=0569852b32-Salmon_roundup_Jun_17_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-0569852b32-92426209.

97. Mowi Site Expansion Rejected - Scotland: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/17/mowi-bid-to-enlarge-scottish-site-rejected-despite-receiving-no-statutory-objections/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=0569852b32-Salmon_roundup_Jun_17_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-0569852b32-92426209.

96. Grieg to harvest 22,000MT in 2022 - BC, aims for 30-35,000mt by 2026: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/grieg-boss-kvame-hopeful-that-bc-licences-will-be-renewed/?utm_source=netflex&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__16_06_2022.

95. Shippers Raise Fees 1000% - to US, Pacific: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/13/biden-major-trans-pacific-shippers-raised-fees-by-1000/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=2a1644f6dd-Americas_briefing_Jun_13_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-2a1644f6dd-92426209.

94. Key Discharge Permit - almaco jack, Florida: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/13/us-offshore-aquaculture-pioneer-wins-key-discharge-permit/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=2a1644f6dd-Americas_briefing_Jun_13_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-2a1644f6dd-92426209.

93. Disease - listeria, Alabama, crab: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/07/alabama-firm-recalls-crab-suspends-production-over-listeria-worries/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=f32bcb3c19-Europe_briefing_Jun_08_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-f32bcb3c19-92426209.

92. Price-fixing Settlement - was it wise: https://www.intrafish.com/analysis/podcast-was-the-farmed-salmon-price-fixing-settlement-wise-/2-1-1232439?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-10&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=salmon.

91. Lawsuit Dismissed - against Cooke, WA: https://www.intrafish.com/legal/judge-dismisses-deceptive-farmed-salmon-marketing-lawsuit-against-cooke/2-1-1235159?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-10&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=salmon.

90. Insolvency - 100M Euro loss before, Dawnfresh: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/09/dawnfresh-losses-passed-100m-before-insolvency-filing/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=4ceee9daac-Europe_briefing_Jun_09_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-4ceee9daac-92426209.

89. DFO Suppresses SCience for 10 Years - PRV, Kristi Miller, Cohen Commission: https://www.facebook.com/groups/nlaquaculture/permalink/3434632530093915/.

88. Collision of Crises - NZ, fuel, labour shortages, wage inflation hammer NZ King Salmon: https://www.intrafish.com/fisheries/fuel-costs-labor-shortages-wage-inflation-new-zealands-seafood-industry-facing-collision-of-crises/2-1-1223804?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-03&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture

87. Largest Cartel Case - Norway, price fixing, millons in fines, damages: https://www.intrafish.com/salmon/lawyer-believes-salmon-price-fixing-investigation-could-be-norways-largest-cartel-case-with-millions-in-fines-and-damages/2-1-1230496?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-03&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

86. Disease - ISA, Ice Fish Farm, Iceland, another farm of 1.1M: https://www.intrafish.com/salmon/icelandic-salmon-farmer-ice-fish-farm-confirms-isa-says-virus-hit-second-site-with-1-1-million-fish/2-1-1230385?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-03&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

85. Fines Upheald - court case, Mowi, wrongful dismissal: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/02/french-court-upholds-mowi-fines-after-wrongful-dismissal/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=b3ddcb7737-Salmon_roundup_Jun_03_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-b3ddcb7737-92426209.

84. SalMar to Become Second Largest Salmon Farmer - after joining with NRS: https://www.intrafish.com/aquaculture/-this-is-going-to-be-crazy-fun-salmar-will-become-world-s-second-largest-salmon-producer-with-norway-royal-salmon-merger/2-1-1227289?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-06-01&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

83. Algal Blooms Growing - Scotland: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/01/scottish-aquaculture-industry-warns-of-growing-risk-of-algal-blooms/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=2185691eea-Americas_briefing_Jun_01_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-2185691eea-92426209.

82. Delousing Affects Salmon Growth - thermal delousing is the worst: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/revealed-the-impact-of-different-delousing-methods-on-salmon-growth/?utm_source=netflex&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__02_06_2022.

81. Killing Fish Meal - Peru, $547M, 12% higher than last year: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/02/peru-fishery-exports-rise-12-in-march-thanks-to-greater-fishmeal-sales/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=8d348517d0-Americas_briefing_Jun_02_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-8d348517d0-92426209.
81, 2M with Disease - ISA, Ice Fish Farms, Iceland: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/06/02/ice-fish-farm-confirms-isa-outbreaks-at-farms-housing-2m-salmon/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=8d348517d0-Americas_briefing_Jun_02_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-8d348517d0-92426209.
80. Disease - ISA, Iceland: https://www.intrafish.com/salmon/isa-detected-at-another-iceland-salmon-farm/2-1-1226362?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-30&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

79. Disease - ISA, Iceland, Ice Fish Farm: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/27/isa-spreads-on-icelands-east-coast-as-ice-fish-farm-declares-suspicion/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=b54fdcab0e-Americas_briefing_May_27_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-b54fdcab0e-92426209.

78. Seafood hits $164B - after pandemic: https://www.intrafish.com/trade/rabobank-global-seafood-trade-flow-rebounds-from-pandemic-to-hit-164-billion/2-1-1223756?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-27&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

77. Staff Cut - 139, NZ, King Salmon, climate change, soaring costs cripple company: https://www.intrafish.com/people/new-zealand-king-salmon-cuts-staff-as-climate-change-and-soaring-costs-cripple-company/2-1-1226029?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-27&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

76. Disease - ISA, Laxar: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/23/laxar-finds-isa-at-another-salmon-site-2022-harvest-to-suffer/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=888bcfd0ef-Salmon_roundup_May_27_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-888bcfd0ef-92426209.

75. Disease - ISA, Iceland: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/27/isa-spreads-on-icelands-east-coast-as-ice-fish-farm-declares-suspicion/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=888bcfd0ef-Salmon_roundup_May_27_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-888bcfd0ef-92426209.

74. 139 Jobs Shed - NZ: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/24/nz-king-salmon-to-shed-139-jobs-due-to-covid-lack-of-new-farm-sites/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=888bcfd0ef-Salmon_roundup_May_27_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-888bcfd0ef-92426209.

73. $160M Smuggling Scheme - employees plead not guilty: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/25/us-eel-supplier-four-employees-plead-not-guilty-in-160m-smuggling-scheme/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=7aee78e445-Europe_briefing_May_26_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-7aee78e445-92426209.

72. Halt to Growth - Australia about Tasmania: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/26/aussie-govt-inquiry-calls-for-halt-to-tasmanian-salmon-industrys-growth/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=7aee78e445-Europe_briefing_May_26_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-7aee78e445-92426209.

71. Price Fixing - pay $85M, but deny wrongdoing: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/salmon-giants-agree-to-pay-85m-to-settle-court-case-but-deny-wrongdoing/?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__26_05_2022&utm_source=netflex.

70. Ahousaht Agreement - with Cermaq: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/cermaq-canada-signs-new-five-year-deal-with-first-nation/?utm_source=netflex&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__26_05_2022.

69. Biological Woes - high prices help offset NRS losses: https://www.intrafish.com/finance/all-time-high-prices-help-to-offset-norway-royal-salmons-biological-woes/2-1-1225140?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-25&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

68. Deceptive Farming Allegations - BAP fails to protect Aldi: https://www.intrafish.com/legal/best-aquaculture-practices-eco-label-fails-to-protect-aldi-against-deceptive-farmed-salmon-allegations/2-1-1222172?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-23&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

67. Cartels - Iceland: https://www.intrafish.com/salmon/icelands-salmon-farming-sector-ripe-for-further-consolidation/2-1-1220154?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-23&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=salmon.

66. CEO Salaries - : https://www.intrafish.com/finance/exclusive-seafood-ceo-salary-ranking-here-is-what-top-executives-were-paid-in-a-turbulent-year/2-1-1218560?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-23&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=salmon.

65. Cull - Sea Lions, seals, BC: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/24/salmon-eating-seals-sea-lions-might-be-culled-in-british-columbia/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=d759dfd481-Americas_briefing_May_24_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-d759dfd481-92426209.

64. Winter Wounds - Masoval: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/19/winter-wounds-undermine-masovals-q1-mean-cash-back-in-vartdal-deal/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=8feae22cd3-M_A_roundup_May_24_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-8feae22cd3-92426209.

63. Disease - ISA, Laxar: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/23/laxar-finds-isa-at-another-salmon-site-2022-harvest-to-suffer/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=8feae22cd3-M_A_roundup_May_24_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-8feae22cd3-92426209.

62. 300,000 Salmon Die - Multi-X, 4.3kg: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/20/multi-x-loses-300000-salmon-in-die-off/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=8feae22cd3-M_A_roundup_May_24_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-8feae22cd3-92426209.

61. Climate Change Blamed for Increased Antibiotics Use - Chile: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/20/chilean-salmon-farmers-blame-climate-change-for-high-antibiotic-use-in-2021/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=aa35f26737-Americas_briefing_May_20_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-aa35f26737-92426209.

60. 300,000 Salmon Die Off - Multi-X: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/20/with-300m-multi-x-deal-cargill-enters-fish-farming-with-cpg-mindset-2/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=aa35f26737-Americas_briefing_May_20_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-aa35f26737-92426209.

59. Near Collapse of Mussels, Salmon - Chile to Russia: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/19/ukraine-invasion-prompts-near-collapse-of-chilean-exports-to-russia/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=d702b1aa7f-Salmon_roundup_May_20_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-d702b1aa7f-92426209.

58. Deceptive Farming Practices - BAP fails to protect Aldi: https://www.intrafish.com/legal/best-aquaculture-practices-eco-label-fails-to-protect-aldi-against-deceptive-farmed-salmon-allegations/2-1-1222172?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-20&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

57. Consolidating into Cartels - Iceland: https://www.intrafish.com/salmon/icelands-salmon-farming-sector-ripe-for-further-consolidation/2-1-1220154?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-20&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

56. Millions in CEO Salaries - : https://www.intrafish.com/finance/exclusive-seafood-ceo-salary-ranking-here-is-what-top-executives-were-paid-in-a-turbulent-year/2-1-1218560?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-20&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

55. Proof of Dangerous Disease - Tenacibaculum maritimum in DI farms, kills wild salmon. See paper: "Atlantic salmon farms are a likely source of Tenacibaculum maritimum infection in migratory Fraser River sockeye salmon: Vancouver, B.C. — New PSF research indicates that Fraser sockeye were much more likely to harbour the bacterial pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum when swimming past Discovery Island salmon farms than at other points along the migratory route of these iconic fish. These findings align with past evidence that open-net Atlantic salmon farms off the coast of British Columbia are growing and amplifying pathogens that can harm wild Pacific salmon. In particular, this study provides new evidence that Tenacibaculum is transmitted to juvenile wild sockeye salmon. The study was peer reviewed and published in Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canada’s leading fisheries science journal." This is a study that had the PSF as part of it.

54. Lice Now Have Resistance to Slice/EMB - in BC: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359510040_Salmon_lice_in_the_Pacific_Ocean_show_evidence_of_evolved_resistance_to_parasiticide_treatment?fbclid=IwAR3meiQtA_uWOVPswSYz2thUncGbHxpnCqRKdPSRRDTbCf-xIIn9z_Qlthk.

53. Illegal Fishing? No! - in Indian Ocean: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/19/europeches-tuna-group-rejects-claims-that-eu-vessels-fish-illegally-in-indian-ocean/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=d4d971e6b7-Europe_briefing_May_19_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-d4d971e6b7-92426209.

52. Winter Wounds - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/19/winter-wounds-undermine-masovals-q1-mean-cash-back-in-vartdal-deal/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=d4d971e6b7-Europe_briefing_May_19_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-d4d971e6b7-92426209.

51. Lice Resistant Salmon - tests: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/ai-deployed-to-select-sea-lice-resistant-fish/?utm_source=netflex&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__19_05_2022

50. Parasitic Sea Lice Posters - BC: https://www.squamishchief.com/highlights/decision-on-future-of-bc-salmon-farms-to-come-within-weeks-says-dfo-5375400?fbclid=IwAR2piJ-VvVPDybqtTMBpbtA8fWMIsRjYblMWZod5mLdjP-p5QZoCrTKeGEY.

49. Sea Lice Drugs Lose Effectiveness - BC: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/17/canadian-study-drug-losing-effectiveness-against-sea-lice/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=78ae2e17af-Americas_briefing_May_17_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-78ae2e17af-92426209.

48. Yellowfin Stock Depletion - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/17/iotc-faces-dangerous-situation-with-yellowfin-tuna-stock-depletion/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=78ae2e17af-Americas_briefing_May_17_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-78ae2e17af-92426209.

47. Shark Finning On MSC Certified Boats Ignored - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/17/ngo-claims-reports-of-shark-finning-on-msc-certified-vessels-ignored/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=2a453bb550-Europe_briefing_May_17_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-2a453bb550-92426209.

46. Loss-making Aquaculture Division to be Divested - Guolian, China: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/11/chinas-guolian-to-divest-loss-making-aquaculture-division/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=2a453bb550-Europe_briefing_May_17_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-2a453bb550-92426209.

45. Bankruptcy - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/16/former-vietnamese-seafood-company-enters-bankruptcy-proceedings/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=ad9700d47a-Europe_briefing_May_16_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-ad9700d47a-92426209.

44. Earnings/Prices Rise - a broad range of fish farm companies: https://www.intrafish.com/tag/earnings.

43. Salmon Prices Crash - : https://www.intrafish.com/prices/-it-is-a-fall-we-have-never-witnessed-before-farmed-salmon-prices-come-crashing-down/2-1-1219140?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-16&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

42. Huon Kills 75% of Seals - at fish farms, Tasmania: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/may/09/huon-aquaculture-accounts-for-75-of-seal-deaths-at-tasmanian-salmon-farms-in-past-year?mc_cid=5fb3370212&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

41. Suppressed Science Shows Fish Farms Kill Wild Salmon - David Suzuki: https://www.straight.com/news/david-suzuki-suppressed-science-shows-fish-farms-endanger-wild-salmon?mc_cid=5fb3370212&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

40. FN Protest Fish Farms - wants them ended, Clayoquot Sound: https://vancouverisland.ctvnews.ca/first-nations-hold-floating-protest-to-demand-end-to-salmon-farming-in-b-c-1.5893991?mc_cid=5fb3370212&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

39. FN Protest Fish Farms - BC: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/10/first-nation-members-protest-canadian-salmon-farms/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=d98b372ab8-Salmon_roundup_May_13_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-d98b372ab8-92426209.

38. 'Tide Turning' - so says Cermaq, with govt making errors, court case: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/06/cermaq-ceo-tide-turning-in-bc-after-fundamental-errors-from-canadian-govt/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=d98b372ab8-Salmon_roundup_May_13_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-d98b372ab8-92426209.

37. Biological Challenges hit Bakkafrost - Scotland: https://www.facebook.com/groups/nlaquaculture/permalink/3413475288876306/.

36. Winter Wounds - prompt harvest, NRS: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/12/winter-wounds-prompt-mass-early-harvests-for-norway-royal-salmon/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=ce51b8ccaa-Europe_briefing_May_12_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-ce51b8ccaa-92426209.

35. High Liner Sues Wynn - court case: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/12/wulfs-expands-with-berkshore-acquisition-high-liner-sues-wynn/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=ce51b8ccaa-Europe_briefing_May_12_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-ce51b8ccaa-92426209.

34. Winter Wounds - NRS: https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/nrs-cuts-harvest-guidance-after-salmon-suffer-winter-wounds/?utm_source=netflex&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter__12_05_2022.

33. Mortalities, Harvest Nearly Equal at 4.2M Fish - NL: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/06/newfoundland-doubled-salmon-harvest-in-2021-but-suffered-nearly-equal-number-of-mortalities/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=e2dc30b97f-Europe_briefing_May_09_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-e2dc30b97f-92426209.

32. Arrest Made - at former Aldi firm: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/05/arrest-made-as-uk-food-crime-body-investigates-former-aldi-salmon-smoker/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=4c27a727a9-Europe_briefing_May_10_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-4c27a727a9-92426209.

31. Salmon Farming Moratorium - Chile, president: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/10/chiles-president-backs-salmon-farming-moratorium-in-protected-areas/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=12a05d4eef-Americas_briefing_May_10_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-12a05d4eef-92426209.

30. FN, Environmentalists Want Fish Farms Out - DI, BC: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/10/first-nation-members-protest-canadian-salmon-farms/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=d1ad5f5d63-Europe_briefing_May_11_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-d1ad5f5d63-92426209.

29. Fraudster Gets 10 Years - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/10/seafood-fraudster-gets-10-years-for-bilking-rfs-us-foods-pfg-others/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=d1ad5f5d63-Europe_briefing_May_11_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-d1ad5f5d63-92426209.

28. Disease - ISA, Mowi, several infections, NL: https://www.intrafish.com/salmon/mowi-farmed-salmon-losses-mount-in-canada-after-another-isa-virus-discovery/2-1-1214039?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-11&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=salmon.

27. Massive Earnings Swell - Q1, 65%, Mowi; https://www.intrafish.com/finance/worlds-largest-salmon-farmer-mowi-rides-massive-65-percent-earnings-swell-in-q1/2-1-1216907?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-11&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture

26. Equal Harvest, Dead Fish - NL, 4 million: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/06/newfoundland-doubled-salmon-harvest-in-2021-but-suffered-nearly-equal-number-of-mortalities/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=eb6553a2a3-Americas_briefing_May_06_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-eb6553a2a3-92426209.

25. Executives Jumping Ships - : https://www.intrafish.com/people/people-moves-see-which-executives-changed-roles-last-month/2-1-1213016?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-06&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

24. Earnings Plunge 60% - Biomar, pulling out of Russia: https://www.intrafish.com/feed/biomar-earnings-plunge-60-as-impact-of-pulling-out-of-russia-starts-to-sting/2-1-1213798?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-06&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

23. Disease - ISA, Mowi, NL: https://www.intrafish.com/salmon/mowi-farmed-salmon-losses-mount-in-canada-after-another-isa-virus-discovery/2-1-1214039?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-06&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

22. Disease - ISA, Mowi, NL: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/05/mowi-confirms-isa-in-another-western-most-newfoundland-salmon-site/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=0b20c25114-Salmon_roundup_May_06_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-0b20c25114-92426209

21. Second Bill to Ban Russian Seafood - Rubio:
https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/02/25/russia-ukraine-fallout/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=0b20c25114-Salmon_roundup_May_06_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-0b20c25114-92426209.

20. Arrest - UK smoker, Aldi: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/05/arrest-made-as-uk-food-crime-body-investigates-former-aldi-salmon-smoker/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=0b20c25114-Salmon_roundup_May_06_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-0b20c25114-92426209.

19. 'Absolutely Disgusting' - fish farm discharges, Tasmania: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-04-30/salmon-farm-discharge-into-river-causes-alarm/101025338?mc_cid=1dbb0a8830&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

18. Don't Renew Leases - DI: https://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/opinion/letter-open-net-salmon-leases-should-not-be-renewed-5307384?mc_cid=1dbb0a8830&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

17. Phase Out Fish Farms for Wild Salmon - BC: https://www.timescolonist.com/opinion/comment-phase-out-fish-farms-for-wild-salmon-survival-5320263?mc_cid=1dbb0a8830&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

16. Lice Infecting Wild Salmon - BC: https://vanisle.news/is-this-what-wild-salmon-feel-like/?mc_cid=1dbb0a8830&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

15. Fish Farm Lice Infecting Wild Salmon - BC: https://vanisle.news/is-this-what-wild-salmon-feel-like/?mc_cid=1dbb0a8830&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

14. Fish Farm Closures Delayed - BC: https://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-46-on-the-coast/clip/15909087-open-net-fish-farm-closures-delayed?mc_cid=1dbb0a8830&mc_eid=5777c92bcd

13. Disease - ISA, Mowi, NL, 188,000 fish cull: https://undercurrentnews.us5.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0835cc9ef5eca8d6b8c547f12&id=30c1463ed4&e=e129385461.

12. Arrest Made - UK: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/05/arrest-made-as-uk-food-crime-body-investigates-former-aldi-salmon-smoker/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=3557da58cc-Americas_briefing_May_05_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-3557da58cc-92426209.

11. Murray Can Still Cancel DI Licenses - BC: https://salmonbusiness.com/discovery-islands-bc-salmon-farmers-quiet-on-next-steps-activists-vow-to-continue-the-fight/?fbclid=IwAR1mV_m8uhJikvRH1ah9hh1LzyiJE4zZfy0ezccZzBp5YxoBQSPsUvjwf8g.

10. $162M Illegal Eel Smugging - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/03/us-supplier-eight-employees-alleged-to-have-carried-out-160m-eel-smuggling-scheme/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=9d092c1b02-Americas_briefing_May_03_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-9d092c1b02-92426209.

9. Illegal Halibut Fishing - NS, court case: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/03/nova-scotia-captain-on-trial-for-alleged-illegal-halibut-harvesting/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=9d092c1b02-Americas_briefing_May_03_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-9d092c1b02-92426209.

8. Does Aquaculture Industry Have Post-war Survival? - Ukraine: https://www.intrafish.com/aquaculture/does-ukraines-aquaculture-industry-have-a-post-war-future-/2-1-1203873?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-04&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

7. 15 Producers Produce 50% of Salmon - not good: https://www.intrafish.com/processing/these-15-salmon-farmers-produced-half-of-the-worlds-farmed-salmon-supply-in-2021/2-1-1209012?utm_source=email_campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-05-04&utm_term=intrafish_com&utm_content=aquaculture.

6. Fortune Fish Sues Ex-employee - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/04/fortune-sues-ex-employee-over-alleged-trade-secrets-theft-non-compete-breach/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=06a15eaccb-Americas_briefing_May_04_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-06a15eaccb-92426209.

5. We Should Worry about NL Fish Farms - Placentia Bay, Grieg: https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/opinion/local-perspectives/letter-we-should-be-concerned-about-aquaculture-projects-in-newfoundland-100722347/?mc_cid=ced785b4ca&mc_eid=5777c92bcd.

4. Ban BC Net Pens - FN: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/02/canada-should-still-ban-bc-net-pen-salmon-farms-some-first-nations-say/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=86606dfa4f-Europe_briefing_May_03_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-86606dfa4f-92426209.

3. More Sanctions on Russia - EU considering: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/02/25/russia-ukraine-fallout/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=86606dfa4f-Europe_briefing_May_03_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-86606dfa4f-92426209.
2. Ukraine Denounces Deal with Russian Fish Farmers - : https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/02/25/russia-ukraine-fallout/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=86606dfa4f-Europe_briefing_May_03_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-86606dfa4f-92426209.

1. Salmon Prices Unsustainable - Cermaq: https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2022/05/03/salmon-prices-are-unsustainable-says-worlds-second-largest-farmer/?utm_source=Undercurrent+News+Alerts&utm_campaign=86606dfa4f-Europe_briefing_May_03_2022&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_feb55e2e23-86606dfa4f-92426209.